The Martindale abrasion test: what it measures and what the result means
Technically reviewed: 2026-07-31
In short
In the Martindale test, the specimen is rubbed against a standard abradant under a defined pressure in a multidirectional (Lissajous) motion, and cycles are counted to a defined end point — such as thread breakage or wear-through of the surface. The result is the cycle count: it serves objective comparison of two materials and demonstration of specified requirements.
How it works
A disc-shaped specimen is pressed against a standard wool abradant (or another specified abradant) under a defined load, and the machine rubs it in a multidirectional Lissajous pattern — so wear develops not in one direction but in a way that better approximates real use. The test runs with interruptions for regular evaluation of the specimen.
What is counted
Cycles to the defined end point. For textiles this is typically thread breakage or a hole; for coated materials and leathers, wear-through, cracking or appearance degradation of the surface. The method family also serves the assessment of pilling alongside abrasion.
What the result means
- For comparison: two materials’ cycle counts under the same method compare directly — an objective basis for development and supplier decisions.
- For requirement evidence: customer specifications and product standards often prescribe a minimum cycle count; the report documents that it is met.
- What it does not mean: a cycle count does not translate directly into “x years of use” — real lifetime depends on usage intensity. Its job is to let you pick the better and the conforming under equal conditions.
Typical applications
Furniture and automotive upholstery, footwear linings and uppers, workwear fabrics — wherever rubbing is the dominant wear mode.
Where next?
A question about your own product?
Request a quote